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Learn JavaScript

Labels: , Saturday, 1 December 2018

                                     JavaScript



Table of Contents 

1.1 Introduction 
1.2 Functions and Events 
1.3 JavaScript Code 
1.4 JavaScript Variables 
1.5 Arithmetic and Assignment Operators 
1.6 Comparison Operators 
1.7 Logical Operators 
1.8 Conditional Operator 
1.9 Conditional Statements 
1.10 POP UP Box 
1.11 JavaScript Functions 
1.12 JavaScript Loops 
1.13 Events 
1.14 JavaScript - Catching Errors 
1.15 JavaScript Objects Introduction 



                               JavaScript 

1.1 Introduction 

JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages. JavaScript is a scripting language. A 
scripting language is a lightweight programming language. JavaScript is usually embedded directly into 
HTML pages. JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary
compilation). Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license. 

1.1.1 What is JavaScript? 

Java and JavaScript are two completely different languages in both concept and design. Java (developed
by Sun Microsystems) is a powerful and much more complex programming language - in the same 
category as C and C++.

1.1.2 Characteristics of JavaScript 

• JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally not
programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax! Almost anyone 
can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages 
• JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when something happens,
like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML element 
• JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and change the content
of an HTML element 
• JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to validate form data before
it is submitted to a server. This saves the server from extra processing 
• JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A JavaScript can be used to detect the
visitor's browser, and - depending on the browser - load another page specifically designed for 
that browser 
• JavaScript can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used to store and retrieve 
information on the visitor's computer 

1.1.3 JavaScript and ECMAScript Language Standard 

• JavaScript is an implementation of the ECMAScript language standard. ECMA-262 is the official
JavaScript standard. 
• JavaScript was invented by Brendan Eich at Netscape (with Navigator 2.0), and has appeared in
all browsers since 1996. 
• The official standardization was adopted by the ECMA organization (an industry standardization
association) in 1997. 
• The ECMA standard (called ECMAScript-262) was approved as an international ISO (ISO/IEC
16262) standard in 1998. 
• The development is still in progress. 
• The HTML <script> tag is used to insert a JavaScript into an HTML page.

1.1.4 Writing to the HTML Document 

The example below writes a <p> element with current date information to the HTML document:
<html>
<body>
<h1> My First Web Page </h1>
<script type="text/Javascript's">
document.write ("<p>)"+ Date() +("</p>");
</script>
</body>
</html>

Note: Try to avoid using document.write() in real life JavaScript code. The entire HTML page will be overwritten if document.write() is used inside a function, or after the page is loaded.

















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Learn CSS to help create Website

Labels: ,

                     Cascading Style Sheet


Contents 

1.1 What is CSS? 1 
1.2 CSS Comments 3 
1.3 Three Ways to Insert CSS 4 
1.4 Multiple Style Sheets 5 
1.5 CSS Properties used for Background Effects 6 
1.6 Text 9 
1.7 CSS Font Families 10 
1.8 CSS Links 13 
1.9 CSS Lists 14 
1.10 Table Borders 16 
1.11 The CSS Box Model 18 
1.12 CSS Padding 24


Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 

1.1 What is CSS? 

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets 
• Styles define how to display HTML elements 
• Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
• External Style Sheets can save a lot of work 
• External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

1.1.1 Styles 

HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document. HTML was intended to define the 
content of a document, like: 
<h1>This is a heading</h1> 
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> 
When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a 
nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process. 
To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS. In HTML 4.0, all 
formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file. 
All browsers support CSS today. CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed. Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one single file!

1.1.2 CSS Syntax 

A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations:

The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style. Each declaration consists of a p to property and a value. The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value.

1.1.3 CSS Example 

A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration groups are surrounded by curly 
brackets: 
p {color:red;text-align:center;}

To make the CSS more readable, you can put one declaration on each line, like this: 
p 
{ 
color:red; 
text-align:center; 
} 
Example 1 
<html> 
<head> 
<style type="text/css"> 
body {background-color:yellow;} 
h1 {font-size:36pt;} 
h2 {color:blue;} 
p {margin-left:50px;} 
</style> 
</head> 
<body> 
<h1>This header is 36 pt</h1> 
<h2>This header is blue and background is yellow </h2> 
<p>This paragraph has a left margin of 50 pixels</p> 
</body> 
</html> 
Output:



1.2 CSS Comments 

Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source code at a later date. 
Comments are ignored by browsers. A CSS comment begins with "/*", and ends with "*/". 
/*This is a comment*/ 
p 
{ 
text-align:center; 
/*This is another comment*/ 
color:black; 
font-family:arial; 
}


1.2.1 The id and class Selectors 

In addition to setting a style for a HTML element, CSS allows you to specify your own selectors called
"id" and "class".


1.2.1.1 The id Selector 

The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element. The id selector uses the id attribute
of the HTML element, and is defined with a "#". The style rule below will be applied to the element with
id="para1": Do not start an ID name with a number. It will not work in Mozilla/Firefox.
#para1
{
text-align:center;
color:red;
}

1.2.1.3 The class Selector 

The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class
selector is most often used on several elements. This allows you to set a particular style for many HTML elements with the same class. The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined with a "." In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned: .center {text-align:center;}
You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should be affected by a class. In the example below, all p elements with class="center" will be center-aligned: Do NOT start a class name with a
number! This is only supported in Internet Explorer.
p.center {text-align:center;}
1.3 Three Ways to Insert CSS
There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
 External style sheet
 Internal style sheet
 Inline style
1.3.1 External Style Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet
using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section:
<head> 
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" /> 
</head>
An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any html tags. Your style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. An example of a style sheet file is shown below:
hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
Do not leave spaces between the property value and the unit (such as margin-left:20 px). Correct way:
margin-left:20px

1.3.2 Internal Style Sheet 

An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal
styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:
<head> 
<style type="text/css"> 
hr {color:sienna;} 
p {margin-left:20px;} 
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");} 
</style> 
</head> 

1.3.3 Inline Styles 

An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with presentation. Use this method sparingly.
To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.
The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:
<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p> 

1.4 Multiple Style Sheets 

If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will be inherited from the more specific style sheet.
For example, an external style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:
h3
{
color:red;
text-align:left;
font-size:8pt;
}
And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h3 selector:
h3
{
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
}
If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the properties for h3 will be:
color:red;
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-alignment and the font-size is replaced by the internal style sheet.

1.4.1 Multiple Styles - Cascade into One 

Styles can be specified:
 inside an HTML element
 inside the head section of an HTML page
 in an external CSS file
Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside a single HTML document.
Cascading order What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element?
Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the following rules, where number four has the highest priority:
 Browser default
 External style sheet
 Internal style sheet (in the head section)
 Inline style (inside an HTML element)
So, an inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will override a style defined inside the <head> tag, or in an external style sheet, or in a browser (a default value).
If the link to the external style sheet is placed after the internal style sheet in HTML <head>, the external style sheet will override the internal style sheet.
1.5 CSS properties used for background effects:
CSS background properties are used to define the background effects of an element.
 background-color
 background-image
 background-repeat
 background-attachment
 background-position
Background Color
The background-color property specifies the background color of an element.
The background color of a page is defined in the body selector:
Example























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Learn HTML Simple Way

Labels: ,

                          ​HTML


  • Introduction to HTML in English :

HTML is a computer language devised to allow website creation. These websites can then be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet. It is relatively easy to learn; and quite powerful in what it allows you to create.
 It is constantly undergoing revision and evolution to meet the demands and requirements of  the growing Internet audience under the direction of the » W3C, the organization charged with designing  and maintaining the language. 

1.1 Understanding and using HTML 



HyperText is the method by which you move around on the web — by clicking on special text called

hyperlinks which bring you to the next page. The fact that it is hyper just means it is not linear — i.e. you can go to any place on the Internet whenever you want by clicking on links — there is no set order to do things in. Markup is what HTML tags do to the text inside them. They mark it as a certain type of text (italicized text, for example). 



HTML is a Language, as it has code-words and syntax like any other language. HTML is a language for describing web pages. 

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language 

• HTML is not a programming language, it is markup language . 

• A markup language is a set of markup tags 

• HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages.
So the HTML teaches you to create your own Website easily.

 1.2   What are HTML Tags? 

 The tags are what separate normal text from HTML code. You might know them as the words between the . They allow all the cool stuff like images and tables and stuff, just by telling your browser what to render on the page. 
 Different tags will perform different functions. The tags themselves don’t appear when you view your page through a browser, but their effects do. The simplest tags do nothing more than apply formatting to some text, like this:   
 <b>These words will be bold<\b>, and these will not.
 In the example above, the tags were wrapped around some text, and their effect will be that the contained text will be bolded when viewed through an ordinary web browser. HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags 
 • HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle      brackets like 
 • HTML tags normally come in pairs like and 
 • The first tag in a pair is the start tag; the second tag is the end tag

1.3  Getting started with HTML

HTML is written simply in a plain text editor like Notepad. Advanced developers also use software like Frontpage, Expression Web & Dreamweaver.


1.3.1 Saving HTML Web Page

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We use .htm in our 
examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in file extensions. With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.

1.3.2 Understand the HTML Web Page Structure

<html> <body> Hello, Student </body> </html>

The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page. The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content. This is the common structure of all the HTML Web Pages. Always you have to Start the HTML Page with opening HTML and Body Tags <html> and <body> and after putting all the content you need in the Web Page, You need to close the opened tags by </body> and </html>, in the order they were opened.



1.4 HTML Elements


An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag. <p>This is Some Content.</p> Here everything for start paragraph tag to end tag is the HTML Element. The content between the tags “This is Some Content.” is known as the element content.


1.4.1 HTML Element Syntax

• An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag. • An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag. • The element content is everything between the start and the end tag. • Some HTML elements have empty content. • Empty elements are closed in the start tag. • Most HTML elements can have attributes.

1.4.2 Nested HTML Elements

The HTML Elements can be nested, that is one element can be inside the other element. <html> <body> <p>Hello World</p> </body> </html> Here there are three elements <html>, <body> and <p>. <p> tag is nested inside <body> which in turn is nested inside <html>. Always remember to put the End Tags after opening the tags.

1.4.3 Heading Tags

There are six levels of headings in HTML specified by <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, <H4>, <H5> and <H6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading and <h6> defines the smallest heading. <html> <body> <h1>My First Heading.</h1> <h2>My Second Heading.</h2> </body> </html> Output:
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> is the biggest font size and <h6> is the smallest.

1.4.4 Hyper Links Tags

These are the tags that really made web pages unique, by letting a person click on text or an image and go to other webpage. Hyperlink tag is a container tag, which means there must be an initial tag and an ending tag. All the web pages in a website are connected to one another using the Hyperlinks. <html> <body> <a https://simplelearnhtml.blogspot.com/ Home Page </a> </body> </html> Output:

1.4.5 Image Tags

This Tag is used for putting pictures or images on your web page. The images can be of any format that is JPG, GIF, PNG etc. The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only and it has no closing tag. <html> <body> <img src="Logo.jpg" width="250" height="100" /> </body> </html>
Output:
Note: The Image Tags contains number of attributes like src that is source of the file, width, height of the image, alt attribute etc.

1.5 HTML Comments

All combinations of text placed within the comment tags will be ignored by the web browser; this includes any HTML tags, scripting language(s), etc. <html> <body> <!-- <h1>My First Heading.</h1> -->
<h2> Akshay Dagle</h2> </body> </html> Output :

Note: First Heading would not be displayed as it is commented. So the browsers just ignore everything inside the comment tag.


1.6 HTML Styling Tags 

You may want to change the way the generated HTML output looks. The best way to do that is with a Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), which modern browsers support. Font family, type size, colors, and other styles can be controlled with CSS for each kind of element. Connect CSS to a Webpage Insert the link of CSS Files into the HTML file. The link is to be put in the <HEAD> element. 

<link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheet.css" type="text/css"> 

The above tag links the CSS file named “stylesheet.css” to the current Web page.


1.11 HTML Table Tags

‘table’ Tag The <table> tag defines an HTML table. A simple HTML table consists of the table element and one or more ‘tr’, ‘th’, and ‘td’ elements. The ‘tr’ element defines a table row, the ‘th’ element defines a table header, and the ‘td’ element defines a table cell. <html> <body>
<table class="table"> <tr> <th> Name </th> <th> Email </th> <th> Remark </th> </tr> <tr> <td> Akshay </td> <td> akshay@gmail.com </td> <td> Pass </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Anushka </td> <td> akshay@gmail.com </td> <td> fail </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Shahrukh</td> <td> akshay@gmail.com </td> <td> Pursing </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>
Output:

Note: <table> tag is used to start drawing the table <th> is used to define table header <td> is used to define the table cell




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Top 10 Smartphones News

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                                   Top 10 Smartphones News


Realme U1 launched in India at Rs 11,999: Here’s how it compares to Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro, Honor 8X and Nokia 6.1 Plus

The battle for smartphones under Rs 15,000 has got fiercer, courtesy Realme. The company launched Realme u1 smartphone, under its brand-new 'U' series. Launched at a starting price of Rs 11,999, the smartphone competes with Honor 8X, Nokia 6.1 Plus and the recently-launched Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro. Here is how the latest Realme U1 compares to these smartphones on specifications front.


​Price: Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro is cheapest across all storage variants
Realme U1: 3GB + 32GB (Rs 11,999), 4GB + 64GB (Rs 14,499),
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: 4GB RAM + 64GB (Rs 13,999), 6GB RAM + 64GB (Rs 15,999)
Honor 8X: 4GB + 64GB (Rs 14,999) , 6GB + 64GB (Rs 16,999) and 6GB + 128GB (Rs 18,999)
Nokia 6.1 Plus: 4GB + 64GB (Rs 15,999)


​Rear camera: Honor 8X leads with 20MP
Realme U1: 13MP (f/2.2 aperture) + 2MP camera (f/2.4 aperture)
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: 12MP (f/1.9 aperture) + 5MP (f/2.2 aperture)
Honor 8X: 20MP (f/1.8 aperture) + 2MP (f/2.4 aperture)
Nokia 6.1 Plus: 16MP (f/2.0 aperture) + 5MP (f/2.4 aperture)


​Front camera: With 25MP camera, Realme U1 leads. Xiaomi Note 6 Pro is the only one with dual-front camera
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: 20MP (f/2.0 aperture) + 2MP (f/2.2 aperture)
Realme U1: 25MP (f/2.0 aperture)
Honor 8X: 16MP (f/2.0 aperture)
Nokia 6.1 Plus: 16MP (f/2.0 aperture)


​Display: Honor 8X has the biggest display with 6.5-inch screen
Realme U1: 6.3-inch full HD+ (2340x1080) Display.
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: 6.2-inch full HD+ (1080x2246 pixels)
Display.
Honor 8X: 6.5-inch FHD+ IPS LCD (2340x1080) Display.
Nokia 6.1 Plus: 5.8-inch FHD+ (1080x2246 pixels) Display.


​Processor: Realme U1 is the world's first smartphone with MediaTek Helio P70 processor
Realme U1: Octa-core MediaTek Helio P70
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: Octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 636 processor
Honor 8X: Octa-core HiSilicon Kirin 710
Nokia 6.1 Plus: Qualcomm Snapdragon 636


​RAM: Both Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro and Honor 8X offer 6GB RAM variants
Realme U1: 3GB and 4GB
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: 4GB and 6GB
Honor 8X: 4GB and 6GB
Nokia 6.1 Plus: 4GB


​Storage: Honor 8X is the only one with 128GB storage variant
Realme U1: 32GB and 64GB storage options.
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: only 64GB storage.
Honor 8X: 64GB and 128GB storage options
Nokia 6.1 Plus: only 64GB storage


​Battery: With 4,000 mAh, Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro has highest battery capacity
Realme 2 Pro: 3,500mAh
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: 4,000 mAh
Honor 8X: 3,750mAh
Nokia 6.1 Plus: 3,060mAh


​Operating system: All four smartphones run on Google’s Android Oreo OS out-of-the-box
Realme U1: ColorOS 5.2 based on Android 8.1 Oreo
Xiaomi Redmi Note 6 Pro: MIUI 10 based on Android 8.0 Oreo
Honor 8X: EMUI 8.2 based on Android 8.0 Oreo
Nokia 6.1 Plus: Stock Android Oreo (Android One)


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Android 9 Pie update is now rolling out to some Xiaomi Mi A2 Lite units

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Android 9 Pie update is now rolling out to some Xiaomi Mi A2 Lite units

Xiaomi's Mi A2 Lite is part of the Android One program and launched this summer running Android 8.1 Oreo, but a beta build of Android 9 Pie was made available by the company a couple of weeks ago.
It looks like there weren't any huge issues with it, because now the stable update to Pie is rolling out to some Mi A2 Lite units in the wild. XDA Developers reports that one user in Poland has shared screenshots proving he got the update, and you can see these below.

The Android 9 Pie update for the Mi A2 Lite comes as a 1GB download, and brings with it FM radio functionality, adaptive battery and brightness, as well as recommended apps and actions based on your context. Of course since this is Android One you can also expect all the other improvements that Google announced to be baked in. Additionally, you're getting the November 5, 2018 security patch level.
It's unclear at the moment if the update is going out in every market where the Mi A2 Lite is offered, but even if it isn't we assume it's only a matter of time before it reaches every single unit out there.

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PUBG’s Vikendi snow map leaked, could be released with PUBG PS4

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PUBG’s Vikendi snow map leaked, could be released with PUBG PS4

The PUBG Vikendi recreated map shows that the game will now consist of a giant cosmodrome with a rocket, command centre, satellites and towers.

A YouTube channel by the name of Allthenewsisgoodnews, has datamined and digitally recreated the map showcasing how it will look. The map has been uploaded to the server, which means that Tencent Games might soon make it live.


The popular battle Royale game, PUBG is back in news headlines, after the new map was leaked ahead of the official rollout. The new leaked map has surfaced on the internet before the actual release. The map is called Vikendi and is supposed to have a snowy terrain. With winter approaching, every gamer is excited about the new winter based map.
The recreated map shows that the game will now consist of a giant cosmodrome with a rocket, command centre, satellites, and towers. The map is currently missing any foliage and might not be totally accurate as microfeatures are added to the map after it has been made online.
Sony recently kicked off pre-orders for the game in the PS Store. The listing consisted of a Vikendi event pass, which was being expected to go live for consumers in 2019. Given the leak, it is highly possible that Tencent Games might release the map alongside PUBG PS4 on December 7
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What Are The Most Popular Programming Languages for AI development

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What Are The Most Popular Programming Languages for AI development



Most aspiring AI developers wonder: what languages are needed to create an AI algorithm? So, I've decided to draw up a list of programming languages my friends-developers use to create AIs.

1. Python

Python is one of the most popular programming language thanks to its adaptability and relatively low difficulty to master. Python is quite often used as a glue language that puts components together.

Why do developers choose Python to code AIs?
Python is gaining unbelievably huge momentum in AI. The language is used to develop data science algorithms, machine learning, and IoT projects. There are a few reasons for this astonishing popularity:

  • Less coding required. AI has a lot of algorithms. Testing all of them can make into a hard work. That's where Python usually comes in handy. The language has "check as you code" methodology that eases the process of testing.
  • Built-in libraries. They proved to be convenient for AI developers. To name but a few, you can use Pybrain for machine learning, Numpy for scientific computation, and Scipy for advanced computing.
  • Flexibility and independence. A good thing about Python is that you can get your project running on different OS with but a few changes in the code. That saves time as you don't have to test the algorithm on every OS separately.
  • Support. Python community is among the reasons why you cannot pass the language by when there's an AI project at stakes. The community of Python's users is very active - you can find a more experienced developer to help you with your trouble.
  • Popularity. Millennials love the language. Its popularity grows day-to-day, and it's only likely to remain so in the future. There are a lot of courses, open source projects, and comprehensive articles that'll help you master Python in no time.
2. C++
C++ is a solid choice for an AI developer. To start with, Google used the language to create TensorFlow libraries. Though most developers have already moved on to using "easier" programming languages such as Python, still, a lot of basic AI functions are built with C++. Also, it's quite an elegant choice for high-level AI heuristics.
To use C++ to develop AI-algorithms, you have to be a truly experienced developer with no rush pressing on you. Otherwise, you might have a bit of tough time trying to figure out a complicated code few hours before due date of the project.

3. Lisp
A reason for Lisp's huge AI momentum is its power of computing with symbolic expressions. One can argue that Lisp is a bit old-fashioned, and it might be true. These days, developers mostly use younger dynamic languages as Ruby and Python. Still, Lisp has its own powerful features. Let's name but a few of those:
  • Lisp allows you to write self-modifying code rather easily;
  • You can extend the language in a way that fits better for a particular domain thus creating a domain specific language;
  • A solid choice for recursive algorithms.
Should you take an in-depth course to learn Lisp? Not necessarily. However, knowing as much as basic principles is pretty much enough for AI developers.

4. Java
Being one of the most popular programming languages in overall development, Java has also won its fans hearts as a fit and elegant language for AI development.
Why? I asked some developers I know use Java about it. Here are the reasons they've given to back of their fondness of the language:
  • It has impressive flexibility for data security. With GDPR regulation and overall concerns about data protection, being able to ensure of client's data security is crucial. Java provides the most flexibility in creating different client environments, therefore protecting one's personal information.
  • It is loved for a robust ecosystem.A lot of open sources projects are written using Java. The language accelerates development a great deal comparing to its alternatives.
  • Low cost of streamlining.
  • Impressive community. There are a lot of experienced developers and experts in Java who are open to sharing their knowledge and expertise. Also, there's but a ton of open source projects and libraries you can use to learn AI development.
5. Prolog
Prolog is a less popular and mainstream choice as the previous ones we've been discussing. However, you shouldn't dismiss it simply because it doesn't have a multi-million community of fans.
Prolog still comes in handy for AI developers. Most of those who start using it acknowledge that it's, at no doubt, a convenient language to express relationships and goals.
  • You can declare facts and create rules based on those facts. That allows a developer to answer and reason different queries.
  • Prolog is a straightforward language that for a problem-solution kind of development.
  • Another good news is that Prolog supports backtracking so the overall algorithm management will be easier.
6. Smalltalk
Similar to Lisp, the wide use of SmallTalk was a common practice in 70s. Now, it loses its momentum in favor of Python, Java, and C++. However, SmallTalk libraries for AI are currently appearing at a rapid pace. Obviously, there aren't as many as those for Python and Java.
Yet, highly underestimated as for now, the language keeps evolving through its newly developed project Pharo. Here are but a few innovations it made possible:
  • Oz - allows an image to manipulate another one;
  • Moose - an impressive tool for code analysis and visualization;
  • Amber (with Pharo as the reference language) is a tool for front-end programming.
7. R
R is a must-learn language for you if any of your future projects make use of data and require data science. Though speed might not be R's most prominent advantage, it does almost every AI-related task you can think of:
  • creating clean datasets;
  • split a big data set into a few training sets and test sets;
  • use data analysis to create predictions for the new data;
  • the language can be easily ported to Big Data environments.
Sometimes R does things a bit differently from the traditional way. However, among its advantages, one has to name the little amount of code and interactive working environment.

8. Haskell
Haskell is quite a good programming language to develop AI. It is a fit for writing neural networks, graphical models, genetic programming, etc. Here are some features that make the language a good choice for AI developers.
  • Haskell is great at creating domain specific languages.
  • Using Haskell, you can separate pure actions from the I/O. That enables developers to write algorithms like alpha/beta search.
  • There are a few very good libraries- take matrix for an example.










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